The movement of a substance from a higher concentration region to a lower concentration is known as diffusion, which leads to a steady release of gas or liquid over time through a diffusion material. While at-home fragrance delivery products are the most well-known example of this process, they also play a crucial role in various life science products like bioprocessing spargers, electronics applications such as diffusion tubes for semiconductor processing, and commercial applications like aquarium bubblers.

Design Challenges Addressed by Diffusion Material
– Ensuring consistent release of scents or insecticides
– Delivering an even spread of oxygen or other gases
– Ensuring uniform dispersion of light
– Achieving uniform distribution of liquids, gases, or particles to aid in a process

An aquarium bubbler, also known as an airstone, is a component of aquarium infrastructure that gradually diffuses air into the tank. The air is transported from the air pump to the aquarium through airline tubing. Upon entering the water, the air forms bubbles that rise to the surface and burst, creating movement and surface agitation. This process facilitates increased water circulation, allowing for the exchange of CO2 and oxygen.